| Chad's Frog Page | |||||||||||||||||
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I'm 13 years old, from Texas, USA. I hope you can see this picture!  The reason I did this page on frogs is because I have lived the many differant colors of frogs ever since I was a small boy. I started out making just one little homepage for a science fair, but I have just gone crazy and created a whole website. I hope that you like this page about frogs as much as I do. What is a frog? A frog is a cold blood animal, commonly known as an amphibian. Frods are found in all parts of the world. Tree frogs are frogs found most commonly in North and South America. They are nocternal animals. Poisonious Frogs: Poisonious frogs are more venemous than a Rattler. It is now known that the indians used them as a form of wepon. | ||||||||||||||||
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I guess all right to copy info from your own website! Deformed frogs:What Is A Deformed Frog: A frog that has been defomed by nature, radiation, or handicapped from birth. My Pics Of Deformed Frogs:     Categories Of Deformed Frods: My Hypothesis For Why There Are Deformed Frods: Trematodes are small parasitic flatworms that have a complex life cycle. As you will see, the specific trematode that we are dealing with lives in fish and aquatic birds as _____s, but must grow and develop in snails and amphibians. Whe have tried to look at these organisms and determine what, if any, role that they play in the formation of frog deformities. It's an interesting story and takes some time to tell, but we have attempted to do so here.It has been experimentally demonstrated that parasites (trematodes, genus Riberoria) can cause the complete range of limb deformities that we see in field-caught deformed amphibians. These deformities include asymmetrical combinations of AMID's (anterior mirror image duplicatoins), PMID's (posterior ....), MIT (mirror image triplications), bony triangles, fusions, etc. This was shown using an identified parasite that is abundantly found in snails at confirmed deformed frog sites, and using the infectius larval stages (cercariae) at concentrations determined from observed infestation levels in field-caught specimens. There is a dose response relationship, in which increased numbers of infecting cercariae induce more sever malformations. The exact same parasite shows identical physical relationships to deformities in at least 5 other species of deformed amphibians, including Ambystoma macrodactylum, Bufo boreas, Ran cascadae, R. catesbieana, and R. sylvatica, in addition to Hyla regilla. The particular parasite involved (Riberoria) also provides a satisfactory explanation for why the majority of deformities involve the hind limbs. First, cercariae target the hind limbs in frogs (probably because of proximity of the cloaca), and the forelimbs develop with in the gill chamber, protected by 3 layers of skin, with only 2 limited points of entry for cercariae: mouth and spiracle. It is not known, however, whether this species of Ribeiroria is endemic or exotic, or whether the observed levels of infestation in the field are normal or abnormal. Given the available evidence, the parasite hypothesis is the most likely explanation for deformed amphibians with polymely (supernumerary limbs) (SD Conference, 1998).We've also discovered that there seems to be a parasite syndrome. By this I mean that there are a wide range of effects, including skin fusions, multi-legs, multi-toes, and missing limbs that are all found associated with these parasites. People seem to find large cohorts of young frogs, where 40- 70% could be infected and deformed. This is very different from frogs that simply have missing limbs. They are usually found individually, not in huge groups.Did you get all that? If not, you will hopefully get a more clear picture from looking around this trematode page.Everything in this section is designed to make you familiar with our research. You can take a look at the research section to get the facts that have already been published by a prominent scientific journal, try your hand at the unsolved questions that we are facing, and be sure to view all of the deformed frog images to get an idea of what we are dealing with. Finally, check out the list of publications that have laid the foundation for our work.Take your time, as there is a lot of information here. Also, please be patient if any of the images take time to load: they're worth seeing. And of course, if you have any comments, please be sure to send them to me at . Thanks! My Links To Other Deformed Frog Pages: Cool Newsletter | Deformed Frogs | ||||||||||||||||
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| My Closing | I hope that you enjoyed this page just as much as I did making it. Thank you for visiting. Please come again, and the door is right at the bottom of the page. | ||||||||||||||||
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